herodotus: the histories summary

* Cyaxeres {625-585} (Scythians rule for 28 years {634-606}) to Asia). The Legacy of ‘The Histories’ Herodotus was a Greek writer and geographer credited with being the first historian. Athos from the mainland [478]. Miltiades persuades the other generals to fight. Herodotus is the guy who invented history.So it's fitting that, through Herodotus' book, the English patient reveals his own history. * Darius vows revenge on Athens David Grene 1987. (8) Folly of empire building, hubris, and ignoring cautionary warnings, Mythical Origins of Conflict between Greeks and Asiatic peoples "[47] Croesus sends him away. In this section, Herodotus relates the invasion of the Greek mainland by the Persian king Xerxes in 480 B.C. History of Athens Pisitratids * Lineage of the Alcmaeonidae [458]- Cleisthenes of Sicyon, Alcmaeon, Megacles, Cleisthenes, Pericles etc. * Tale of Arion saved by the dolphin [42] * Megabazus lead invasion of Thrace [357], the "biggest nation of all" * A vision call Xerxes to war [474] and also comes to Artabanus Corinthians join because of grudge over Samian rescue of Corcyrean boys being sent to Persia for castration by Periander of Corinth (Corinth had colonized Corcyra) [233]. They instead escape to Lacedaemonia & plead for help to the taciturn Spartans. With lucid prose, Herodotus's account of the rise of … Pythius the Lydian asks to have his son left behind, and X orders he be cut in half. This is a lengthy work, and some of the sections describing various peripheral cultures perhaps might be skimmed, yet the substantial time required to read it carefully will be amply rewarded. * Hellespont crossed [p. 489] {490} He describes the defeat of Mardonius’ … * The road to Susa [376] * Darius slays the magis and Smerdis * Sparta refuses to help Aristagoras invade Persia [375] Assyrian/Median/Persian History The History of Herodotus By Herodotus Written 440 B.C.E Translated by George Rawlinson. He is a great humanist who sees and respects the universal in the experience and actions of humankind underlying the idiosyncracies of regional customs and religious beliefs. Chroniclers of the Persians … BCE Herodotus was a resident of Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum in Turkey) and wrote The Histories of Herodotus, a Greek history of the Persian invasion of Greece in the early fifth century BCE. Herodotus was the Father of History. Hide browse bar Your current position in the text is marked in blue. Herodotus. * Sparta sends expedition against Samos (first Laced. Little is known of Herodotus's life beyond what can be deduced from his writings. Herodotus was a Greek historian born in Halicarnassus, subject at the time of the great Persian Empire. Fehling, Detlev (1989). * Rivalry of Demaratus and Cleomenes, kings of Sparta [432]. Take the time to study the maps in the back of Grene's translation as you read this book, in order to make sense of the sometimes arcane geographical details that are so important to the full understanding of The History. [228] Rape of Io by Phoenician traders as Persian version of … * Circumcision came from Egypt. * Storm wrecks 400 Persian ships on coast of Magnesia [537] * Themistocles appeals to the Ionians and Carians fighting for Persians [564] * The Nile delta is the gift of the Nile- silting over geologic time periods [135]. * First to subdue and enslave Ionians, Aeolians, and Dorians in Asia Minor. * Predecessor Candaules displays his wife to Gyges, who kills Candaules at her insistence Herodotus, The Histories A. D. Godley, Ed. Aristagoras attacks and burns Sardis. [88] Problems of democracy and amateur fighters vs. Persian Military discipline [413]. (2) Variety and universality of human experience and existence 48 likes. Theras of Lacedaemonia colonizes Thera (in Cyclades); Battus of Thera colonizes Libyan coast 7th century - Cyrene. * Demaratus (from Sparta) promotes Xerxes to succeed his father Darius on Darius' death {485} Mardonius also promotes war on Greece. Opening alludes to Homer, suggests epic scale and purpose (memorialization). 420(?) There are many fine and sobering morality tales to be enjoyed, such as that of Croesus, King of Lydia, who was advised by the oracle: "if he made war on the Persians he would destroy a mighty empire." Herodotus, The Histories A. D. Godley, Ed. Cleomenes' madness [438] His work holds up very well when judged by the yardstick of modern scholarship. Again, the city is … X comes to tears as he meditates on the shortness of life while viewing his great army and ships. He is often referred to as "The Father of History… Homer and Hesiod 400 yrs earlier [155] * Miltiades' futile attack on Paros, later dies. * Aryandes sends an expedition to conquer Libya [354], besieges Barca. * Spartans prefer freedom to slavery [513] but Herodotus ascribes the saving of Greece to the Athenians [514] ], in his History of the Persian Wars, included an excursus on the ethnography of the Scythians and other nomadic groups with whom the Greeks were familiar. 2015. Ionians for the 3rd time are enslaved * Digression on Spartan kings' rights [428], Spartan descent from Egypt ?, Spartan culture Cicero called Herodotus "the father of history," and his only work, The Histories, is considered the first true piece of historical writing in Western literature. In Book 1, Herodotus announces his purpose to memorialize the great and marvelous deeds of the Greeks and their barbarian neighbors, … * Cyrus spares Croesus life when he calls out "Solon" on the burning pyre and tells his story [73] II:35. * Oroetes of Sardis (a Persian) kills Polycrates [264] and is later killed on the order of Darius. * Polycrates of Samos, allied with Amasis of Egypt, is attacked by Lacedaemonians, invites alliance with Cambyses. into Egyptian ethnography (1). Some of the information which Herodotus provided about these nomadic peoples he … c. A few of the characters and wonders in The Histories The tunnel of Samos The Behistun inscription Two presentations on the story of Gyges Aristeas of Proconnesus Periandros (Periander) Alkmeon Of Arms and the Man About The Histories The opening of “Herodotus” by Lucian of Samosata Ryszard Kapuściński's Travels with Herodotus * Cyrus threatens the 12 Ionian cities of Panionium, first attacking Phocaea (attack led by Harpagus)- they flee to Corsica.[107]. (1.1–5) (5) Desire to preserve the great events of heroism Herodotus’s History is an account of the Greco-Persian Wars (499–479 BCE) and the story of the growth and organization of the Persian empire. Having introduced Cyrus as Croesus's conqueror, Herodotus relates Cyrus's rise and that of … Herodotus, a Greek from the city of Halicarnassus in Asia Minor (today’s Bodrum in Turkey), published his Histories sometime between 426 and 415 BCE. Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c.480-c.429 BCE): Greek researcher, often called the world's first historian.In The Histories, he describes the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire under its kings Cyrus the Great, Cambyses, and Darius I the Great, culminating in Xerxes' expedition to Greece (480 BCE), which met with disaster in the naval engagement at Salamis and the battles at Plataea and Mycale. * Abduction of Helen of Lacedaemonia by Alexander (Paris) of Troy and subsequent destruction of Troy [34] 9.1", "denarius") All Search Options [view abbreviations] Home Collections/Texts Perseus Catalog Research Grants Open Source About Help. * Darius sends 600 warships under Datis and Artaphrenes son of Artaphrenes against Athens and Eretria, enslave Naxos, Delos, Eretria (on Euboea) [449] Herodotus: Xerxes Invades Greece, from The Histories. Greeks decide not to follow in pursuit. Herodotus' Histories, book 3: summary and comments by Jona Lendering: Seventh logos: the Persian conquest of Egypt (3.1-60) In the first logos of the third book, Herodotus returns to the beginning of … Croesus Of Lydia (560-546) * Scythia, nomadic, dependence on horses, mythical origins (Heracles and the half-woman half-snake have son Scythes), conflicts with Cimmereians and Massagetae. Its title is simply The Histories. Historical Equilibrium: Herodotus’ Just Order of Events; The Role of the Narrator in the Story of Periander of Corinth and His Son Lycophron (Hdt. * Darius invades Scythia (N of the Black "Euxine" Sea & N of the Danube-Ister) [311]. Miletus falls {494}, women and children enslaved and taken to Susa. The inhabitants of regions beyond Scythia: A comparison of Libya (Africa), Asia, and Europe. Histories Book 9 Summary & Analysis Book 9 Summary In Book 9, Herodotus concludes his account of the Persian invasion of Greece under Xerxes and Mardonius. The animals of Egypt are horrifying: cats, crocodiles, hippopotamuses, pythons, … Egypt. (1) Relatedness and unity of historical events over many generations 450 B.C. * Debate over whether to have a democracy or a tyranny [247]. The Histories essays are academic essays for citation. Demaratus flees to Persia [426] and Leotychides succeeds him. Written in 440 BC in the Ionic dialect of classical Greek, The Histories serves as a record of the ancient traditions, politics, geography, and clashes of various cultures that were known in Western Asia, Northern Africa and Greece at that time. Rivaling any best-selling potboiler of today, there are numerous depictions of savage and barbaric acts, of arrogance and hubris winning out over caution, of rage, envy, lust, greed, corruption, insanity, and other human failings that make up the fabric of history. * Cr invades Syrian Cappadocia & is captured by Cyrus {546} [66-69] Like “Such was the number of the barbarians, that when they shot forth their arrows the sun would be darkened by their multitude." When Cyrus had brought his life to an end, Cambyses received the royal power in succession, being the son of Cyrus and of … 490 BC in Halicarnassus, in Asia Minor, to a prominent family, left, either exiled or a voluntary expatriate, when a tyranny was established in his city … March to Sardis. [486] Artabanus voice of caution, warning of the Ionians lack of loyalty. * Greek origins of the Macedonians [364] * Corinth- Periander [397] {625}, the corruption of absolute power BCE - c. * Gods- Isis [148], phallic procession, Greek gods came from the Egyptians [153] and some rituals from the Pelasgians. * Greeks peoples unite (mostly) [518] (Argos sides with Persia; Gelon of Syracuse (Sicily) refuses to help unless he can lead, which offends the Spartans, leading to his final refusal; Corcyra dissembles [528], Crete refuses) The Histories incorporate folklore, legend, mythic motifs, and literary patterns in a grand narrative that reveals the influence of fate and the divine, as well as individual agency, in human affairs and emphasizes the instability of human happiness and fortune. Everybody should read the Histories by Herodotus. Queen Tomyris warns Cyrus as does Croesus, but he ignores them and is slain (529), * Cambyses, son of Cyrus, assumes rule in Persia. I hope you enjoy this great work as much as I have. ("Agamemnon", "Hom. * Ancient history [171] * Histaeus captured by Harpagus and killed [420] The Histories essays are academic essays for citation. * Atossa, Darius' wife, urges him to attack Greece. Known as the "Father of History," Herodotus (c. 484 – 424 B.C.E.) Megabates warns the Naxians. Other peoples: Issedones, Hyperboreans [290], goat-footed men, harsh winters, snow [290],  On the legacy of The Histories by Herodotus, historian Barry S. Strauss writes: He is simply one of the greatest storytellers who ever wrote. Historical Equilibrium: Herodotus… * Xerxes wife Amestris' atrocities against Masistes' wife whom Xerxes had fallen in love with) * Babylonian customs- compulsory sex at the temple of Aphrodite Created by Michael C. McGoodwin * Greeks attack Thebes because they had supported Persia * Babylon revolts and is recaptured by Darius thanks to Zopyrus' heroism and self-sacrifice by self-mutilation. 7,000) led by, The Greek defeat and order by Xerxes to remove Leonidas's head and attach his torso to a cross, The destruction by storm of two hundred ships sent to block the Greeks from escaping, The retreat of the Greek fleet after word of a defeat at, The destruction of Athens by the Persian land force after difficulties with those who remained, The escape of Xerxes and leaving behind of 300,000 picked troops under, The refusal of an attempt by Alexander to seek a Persian alliance with Athens, The Persian retreat to Thebes where they are afterwards slaughtered (, The description and dividing of the spoils, The death of Masistes after his intent to rebel, The Persians' abortive suggestion to Cyrus to migrate from rocky Persis, Pamela Mensch, with notes by James Romm, 2014. Its title is simply The Histories. * Battle at Plataea {479} 110,000 Greeks against 700,000 barbarians + 50,000 allies. The Nile is the main reason the kingdom exists, in Herodotus's opinion. This was apparently the first recorded work to which the name "history" was applied- in fact the English word "history" derives from the similar Greek word meaning "research" or "inquiry" because of this work. to power. {521} [251] Maeandrius of Samos appeals to Sparta for help to no avail. Artabanus counsels against this [471] - "for the god loves to thwart whatever is greater than the rest... there is good in hesitation...." Xerxes angrily denounces this advice. As Holland writes, Herodotus’ “great work is many things—the first example of nonfiction, the text that underlies the entire discipline of history, the most important source of information we … The Taurians [318], Neuri werewolves, Man-Eaters [319], Amazons [321], warrior women Sauromatians. This is a report of great and wonderful deeds by Greeks and Barbarians. Attack on Delphi [569]. Essays for The Histories. * Origins of Enmity of Aegina and Athens [390] [638] Mardonius killed. The Histories are divided into nine Books. Three generations ago, there was a Spartan by the name of Glaucus, who had a reputation all over the Greek world for being a particularly honest man. Yet much of what he describes has apparently stood the test of time, particularly when it is recognized that Herodotus places great emphasis on the importance of myth as a shaper of civilizations, regardless of its objective "truth". Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c.480-c.429 BCE): Greek researcher, often called the world's first historian. ("Agamemnon", "Hom. * Mardonius launches land force {492}, enslaves Macedonia, shipwrecks at Athos, returns ingloriously Summary Herodotus notes that while Xerxes ostensibly meant to punish Athens, his real intent was to conquer all of Greece. * Thracian customs- sacrifice of favorite wives Reciprocal rapes of Europa and Medea by … * Artemisia tries to stop Mardonius from wasting his ships in battle. Harpagus is fed his son when Astyages learns of the deception. * Conflict between Cyrene and Libyans, Arcesilaus killed [343], his mother Pheretime appeals to Persian viceroy of Egypt Aryandes for help book, a "must" read in the Western canon. * Harpagus incites Cyrus to revolt against Media {559} into Egyptian ethnography (1). Numbers provided in square Attacks Egypt I also recommend the excellent introduction * Herodotus' world view, Phoenicians circumnavigate Africa [296], the Ister (Danube) [298],  , '' Herodotus ( c. 484 - c. 425 BCE ] Hellespont ) following story to the numbers... 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