[75], Immediately after the earthquake, Bay Area airports were closed so officials could conduct visual inspection and damage assessment procedures. ", "Forecasts of the 1989 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake", "Main-shock and very early aftershock activity", "1 Dead as 5.1 Quake Jolts Bay Area : Man, 19, Leaps to Death in Panic; Damage Minor", "Near-source modeling of the Loma Prieta earthquake: Evidence for heterogeneous slip and implications for earthquake hazard", "Broadband study of the source characteristics of the earthquake", "Profile of mortality from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake using coroner and medical examiner reports", "Out of the Rubble. An earthquake hits the San Francisco Bay Area on October 17, 1989, killing 67 people and causing more than $5 billion in damages. Only 63 deaths were recorded as a result of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake, but over 3,500 people were injured. Several long term forecasts for a large shock along the San Andreas Fault in that area had been made public prior to 1989 (the event and its aftershocks occurred within a recognized seismic gap) but the earthquake that transpired was not what had been anticipated. Damaged buildings in Santa Cruz, California, following the San Francisco-Oakland earthquake of 1989. [74] Instead of rebuilding Interstate 880 over the same ground, Caltrans rerouted the freeway farther west around the outskirts of West Oakland to provide better access to the Port of Oakland and the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge, and to meet community desires to keep the freeway from cutting through residential areas (at the time the original viaduct was constructed, West Oakland was predominantly occupied by African and Hispanic-Americans). Map of the 1989 San Francisco–Oakland earthquake (also known as the Loma Prieta earthquake). Some 12,000 homes and 2,600 businesses were damaged. [41] KCBS later won a Peabody Award for their news coverage, as did (ABC-owned) KGO-TV. Ana Sonia Jimenez, 23, Daly City . [9], While a Mercalli Intensity of VIII (Severe) covered a large swath of territory relatively close to the epicenter (including the cities of Los Gatos, Santa Cruz, and Watsonville) farther to the north, portions of San Francisco were assessed at intensity IX (Violent). [69] When the earthquake hit, the shaking was amplified on the former marshland, and soil liquefaction occurred. The shock was centered in The Forest of Nisene Marks State Park approximately 10 mi (16 km) northeast of Santa Cruz on a section of the San Andreas Fault System and was named for the nearby Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Updates? 1906 San Francisco Earthquake - Compared to Loma Prieta One great value of old seismograms is that we can make quantitative comparisons of 1906 with the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. San Francisco earthquake, 1989 : death and destruction. [43][44] KCBS-AM (CBS News Radio) switched immediately to backup power and managed to stay on air despite a subsequent generator failure. Broadcaster Al Michaels reflects on his experience at the World Series in 1989, when he leaned on his Bay Area background during coverage of the devastating Loma Prieta earthquake. [64], The San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge suffered severe damage, as a 76-by-50-foot (23 m × 15 m) section of the upper deck on the eastern cantilever side fell onto the deck below. Not only did the quake force seismic retrofitting of all Bay Area bridges,[81] it caused enough damage that some parts of the region's freeway system had to be demolished. Only 63 deaths were recorded as a result of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake, but over 3,500 people were injured. [56] The four oldest were built in 1894, the five oldest withstood the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The driver, Anamafi Moala, died, and the passenger, her brother, was seriously injured. Research Loma Prieta earthquake cost $6B in 1989. [93], With anchorman Ted Koppel in position in Washington, D.C., ABC News began continuous coverage of the quake at 5:32 PM PDT, with Al Michaels, in the process, becoming a de facto on-site reporter for ABC. Game 3 of the series was scheduled to begin at San Francisco's Candlestick Park on October 17 at 5:35 PDT, and American TV network ABC began its pre-game show at 5:00 PDT. San Francisco earthquake, 1989 : death and destruction / Victoria Sherrow: title_short: San Francisco earthquake, 1989: title_sub: death and destruction: topic_facet: Disaster relief Earthquakes . Library Binding, 9780766010604, 0766010600 [26][27], After the earthquake occurred, a group led by Antony C. Fraser-Smith of Stanford University reported that the event was preceded by disturbances in background magnetic field noise as measured by a sensor placed in Corralitos, about 4.5 miles (7 km) from the epicenter. 1989: Earthquake hits San Francisco. [55], In Santa Cruz, the Pacific Garden Mall was severely damaged, with falling debris killing three people, half of the six earthquake deaths in Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties. Derek Van-Alstyne, 22, Foster City . Nearby residents and factory workers came to the rescue, climbing onto the wreckage with ladders and forklifts[31] and pulling trapped people out of their cars from under a four-foot gap in some sections. The quake caused the Oakland side of the bridge to shift 7 in (18 cm) to the east, and caused the bolts of one section to shear off, sending the 250-short-ton (230 t; 500,000 lb; 226,800 kg) section of roadbed crashing down like a trapdoor. These San Francisco Earthquake books include even more facts about the famous earthquakes in the region. Earthquake-Associated Deaths -- California . [33][34], In Santa Cruz, close to the epicenter, 40 buildings collapsed, killing six people. It is estimated that around 1,300 buildings were destroyed, and 20,000 buildings were damaged. As a consequence the normally crowded freeways contained unusually light traffic. 60 members of Oakland's Public Works Agency left the nearby city yard and joined rescue efforts. The baseball championship between the San Francisco Giants and the Oakland Athletics was suspended for 10 days, because both cities suffered significant damage. The Loma Prieta se… San Francisco earthquake of 1989, also called Loma Prieta earthquake, major earthquake that struck the San Francisco Bay Area, California, U.S., on October 17, 1989, and caused [1][15], The Loma Prieta earthquake was named for Loma Prieta Peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains, which lies just to the east of the mainshock epicenter. On October 17, 1989, at 5:04 p.m. Pacific daylight time, an earthquake registering 7.1 on the Richter scale, with an epicenter in the Loma Prieta section of the San Andreas fault, occurred in northern California (Figure 1). In this ScienceStruck post, we will provide facts and statistics about this earthquake and the effects of the same. The quake struck with a moment magnitude of 6.9 on October 17, just before the start of the third game of the World Series, which was being held at San Francisco's Candlestick Park. [77] Large cracks in Oakland's runway and taxiway reduced the usable length to two-thirds normal, and damage to the dike required quick remediation to avoid flooding the runway with water from the bay. Some of the fill was rubble dumped into San Francisco Bay after the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, but most was sand and debris laid down in preparation for the 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition, a celebration of San Francisco's ability to rebound after its catastrophe in 1906. Two moderate shocks, referred to as the Lake Elsman earthquakes by the USGS, occurred in the Santa Cruz Mountains region in June 1988 and again in August 1989. [41] Local Fox affiliate KTVU was knocked off the air for over 90 minutes before returning to the air with a raw feed fed from one of the station's remote trucks. had already been overhead to cover the baseball game, and ABC used it to capture images of damage to the Bay Bridge and other locations. [28] The Fraser-Smith et al. Medium (2005), TV show on NBC in which a character uses her coincidental presence in Oakland during the earthquake as an opportunity to fake her own death and disappear. In the 1989 earthquake, the water-saturated unconsolidated mud, sand and rubble suffered liquefaction, and the earthquake's vertical shock waves rippled the ground more severely. [37] Many homes were dislodged if they were not bolted to their foundations. Overall there were 63 deaths from this San Francisco earthquake. Other ground effects included downslope movement, slumps, and ground cracks. Dead - More than 3,000. Following the August 8, 1989 shock, in anticipation of an upcoming large earthquake, staff at the University of California, Santa Cruz deployed four accelerometers in the area, which were positioned at the UCSC campus, two residences in Santa Cruz, and a home in Los Gatos. Dead - More than 3,000. Andrew Lawson, a geologist from the University of California, Berkeley, had named the fault after the San Andreas Lake (prior to the occurrence of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake) and later led an investigation into that event. Eastbound drivers stuck on the lower deck between the collapse and Yerba Buena Island were routed up to the upper deck and westward back to San Francisco. [62] Many residents slept outside their homes out of concern for further damage from aftershocks, of which there were 51 with magnitudes greater than 3.0 in the following 24 hours, and 16 more the second day. The first is that the geometry of the San Andreas Fault goes through a transition every several thousand years. The strongest earthquake to hit the area since the San Francisco earthquake of 1906 , it caused 63 deaths, nearly 3,800 injuries, and an estimated $6 billion in property damage. San Francisco Earthquake, 1989: Death and Destruction (American Disasters) Michaels also worked games for the Cincinnati Reds and San Francisco Giants. The collapse of the Cypress Street Viaduct (Nimitz Freeway) caused most of the earthquake-related deaths. Get this from a library! 300 injuries. Shaken regularly by powerful aftershocks, the San Francisco Bay Area emerged Wednesday from a fitful night to fina a 100-mile-long scene of damage from the deadliest American earthquake since the San Francisco great quake of 1906. [57] A woman was found dead inside Ford's. CBS News also began coverage around that same time with coverage from its San Francisco affiliate KPIX-TV. SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY . This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/San-Francisco-earthquake-of-1989, San Francisco–Oakland earthquake of 1989 - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). [16], The contrasting characteristics of the 1906 and 1989 events were examined by seismologists Hiroo Kanamori and Kenji Satake. San Jose International Airport,[76] Oakland International Airport and San Francisco International Airport all opened the next morning. Modern office towers were largely unaffected, indicating that new…, …A’s—it was noteworthy for a 7.1-magnitude earthquake that struck the Bay Area shortly before game three of the series was scheduled to begin. NOW 50% OFF! On October 17, 1989, at 5:04:15 p.m. (PDT), a magnitude 6.9 earthquake severely shook the San Francisco and Monterey Bay regions. Local workers continued their volunteer operation nonstop until October 21, 1989, when they were forced to pause as U.S. President George H. W. Bush and California Governor George Deukmejian viewed the damage. Roughly half of the land the Cypress Viaduct was built on was filled marshland, and half was somewhat more stable alluvium. Other damage included cracked walls and foundations and broken underground pipes. At more than 44 miles (70 km) distant, the San Francisco Bay Area recorded peak horizontal accelerations that were as high as 0.26g, and close to the epicenter they peaked at more than 0.6g. This became a political issue in the following days. The Goodyear blimp, present for the World Series game, was pressed into service providing aerial shots of the damage. Photos from the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake that devastated the San Francisco bay region. [Victoria Sherrow] -- Details the events surrounding the earthquake that took place in the San Francisco Bay Area in October 1989, as well as the clean-up and recovery efforts that followed. The Loma Prieta segment of the San Andreas Fault System had been relatively inactive since the 1906 San Francisco earthquake (to the degree that it was designated a seismic gap) until two moderate foreshocks occurred in June 1988 and again in August 1989. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. [38] In the Old Town historical district of the city of Salinas, unreinforced masonry buildings were partially destroyed. At the office of the Los Gatos City Manager, a window that was cracked had also been broken in the earlier shock. … Reminiscent of the 1906 earthquake , the earth shook, like a table bumped, causing a house of cards to fall. Private donations poured into aid relief efforts and on October 26, President George H. W. Bush signed a $1.1 billion ($2.3 billion today) earthquake relief package for California. Death, destruction, and havoc were again visited upon the San Francisco area in 1989. Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Preliminary Reconnaissance Report – Earthquake Engineering Research Institute", "Giants Clubhouse: '89 Earthquake – Major League Baseball", "After The Fall: The earthquake shattered the Bay Area, but the cities hardest hit are now mostly rebuilt – and the scars are hidden deep below the surface – San Francisco Chronicle", "Photographs of the aftermath of the Loma Prieta Earthquake from the UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections", "25 Years After Loma Prieta, Earthquake Science Is Transformed – LiveScience", "You're Looking at One for the Ages Here", Ladies and Gentlemen, the Bronx Is Burning, 1978 American League East tie-breaker game, 1980 National League West tie-breaker game, "I Left My Heart in San Francisco" (Tony Bennett song), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1989_Loma_Prieta_earthquake&oldid=994278787, 1989 natural disasters in the United States, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017, Articles needing additional references from October 2017, All articles needing additional references, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The earthquake was one of the events that was "predicted" in the TV series, This page was last edited on 14 December 2020, at 22:32. The San Francisco earthquake of 1989 was a magnitude 6.9 earthquake. Farther away from the Santa Cruz Mountains, pieces of concrete fell from a parking structure at the Sunnyvale Town Center, a two-level shopping mall in Santa Clara County. Other effects included sand volcanoes, landslides and ground ruptures. "SFFD Fireboats: The History of the Fireboat Phoenix. While the teams' stadiums had suffered only minor damage, it took several days for power and transmission links at Candlestick Park to be repaired. [74] In the meantime, traffic was detoured through nearby Interstate 980, causing increased congestion. [73], Although the freeway reopened in stages between 1997 and 1999, it was not fully rebuilt until 2001 due to safety and reinforcement concerns. NBC Sports commentators Bob Costas and Jimmy Cefalo discussed the effect the temblor would have on the 1989 World Series. [50][51][52] The San Francisco Fire Department selected civilians to help run fire hoses from a distance because the nearby hydrant system failed. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [40] Many San Francisco radio and television stations were temporarily knocked off the air. It struck just after 5:00 pm local time and lasted approximately 15 seconds, with a moment magnitude of 6.9. Jeffrey Choi, 50, San Francisco . Sources place the death toll at between 63 to 68 people. [48] After the Exposition, apartment buildings were erected on the landfill. [37] There were structural failures of twin bridges across Struve Slough near Watsonville. When electrical power to the stadium was lost, someone drove a police car onto the field, where an officer used the car's public address system to advise that the game had been postponed. Because much of the slip in 1989 occurred at depth and the rupture propagated up dip, Beroza proposed that the overlying San Andreas Fault actually inhibited further rupture and also maintains that the occurrence of an event at the location that was forecast by the WGCEP in 1988 was coincidental. Caltrans has since received widespread backlash for not thoroughly studying the structure. "[61] At that moment, the signal from Candlestick Park was lost. Two billion dollars worth of destroyed property. [2], Fifty-seven of the deaths were directly caused by the earthquake; six further fatalities were ruled to have been caused indirectly. Remarkably, the earthquake struck just before the start of the third game of the 1989 World Series, which was to be played in San Francisco’s Candlestick Park between the two Bay Area baseball teams, the San Francisco Giants and the Oakland Athletics. Limited phone service remained online, providing a crucial link to rescue workers. ; 11 WHOSE LIVES ENDED AS QUAKE CRUSHED I-880. Take a look at ABC7's in-depth coverage of the Loma Prieta earthquake here . After the shaking subsided, many of the players on both teams immediately searched for, and gathered, family and friends from the stands before evacuating the facility.[95]. San Francisco earthquake of 1906, a major earthquake and fire that destroyed some 28,000 buildings and killed more than 3,000 people. Damage was severe in San Francisco and in other towns situated near the San … report remains one of the most frequently cited claims of a specific earthquake precursor, more recent studies have cast doubt on the connection, attributing the Corralitos signals to either unrelated magnetic disturbance or,[29] even more simply, to sensor-system malfunction. San Francisco Earthquake (1989) The Event What were the impacts? The reason for the lower-than-expected death toll was put down to the fact that most people had left work early to watch the third of the World Series baseball games which was being shown on television. KTVU anchors Dennis Richmond and Elaine Corral began their coverage from the station's parking lot, as power had not yet been restored to that section of Oakland. There were five reported deaths. The disaster’s occurrence during a major live television broadcast meant that news of the earthquake, as well as aerial views provided by the Goodyear blimp, reached a large audience. Death of George Floyd; ... San Francisco County, San Francisco Peninsula Coast, Northern Monterey Bay. [35] At the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, the Plunge Building was significantly damaged. Santa Cruz Public Libraries. Click here for the lowest price! The 6.9 earthquake, centered in the Santa Cruz Mountains, took the … The property damage price tag for the quake was over $5.9 Billion. Television viewers saw the video signal begin to break up, heard McCarver repeat a sentence as the shaking distracted him, and heard McCarver's colleague Al Michaels exclaim, "I'll tell you what, we're having an earth – . Now, yes, 478 is a lot of people, but considering that the earthquake and its resulting firestorms destroyed about 90 percent of San Francisco's structures, it seems hard to believe that number. KGO-TV, the local San Francisco ABC affiliate (owned-and-operated) lost power for almost 15 minutes upon the start of the earthquake, before beginning its coverage with anchor Cheryl Jennings. When the quake struck at approximately 5:04 PDT, sportscaster Tim McCarver was narrating taped highlights of Game 2, which had been played two days prior across the Bay Bridge in Oakland. 1989 Earthquake Photographs from Museum of the City of San Francisco; Photos from the Steinbrugge Collection at UC - Berkeley's NISEE. [92] ABC then switched to episodes of Roseanne and The Wonder Years, which was on standby for a rain delay situation, while attempting to restore electricity to its remote equipment. [80], The earthquake changed the Bay Area's automobile transportation landscape. Significant structural damage also occurred. Aerial view of the collapsed section of the Bay Bridge following the San Francisco–Oakland earthquake of 1989. Most of the quake deaths … List of Notable and Major California Earthquakes California's Earthquake History. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake occurred on California’s Central Coast on October 17 at 5:04 p.m. local time. [8][13], The ML 5.3 June 1988 and the ML 5.4 August 1989 events also occurred on previously unknown oblique reverse faults and were within 3 mi (4.8 km) of the M6.9 Loma Prieta mainshock epicenter, near the intersection of the San Andreas and Sargent faults. USGS Media Gallery; References. A report of U.S. Army relief operations (Greely, 1906) recorded: . It was the strongest earthquake to hit the area since the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. [28] From October 5, they reported that a substantial increase in noise was measured in the frequency range 0.01–10 Hz. The collapse of a section of the double-deck Nimitz Freeway in Oakland was the site of the largest number of casualties for the event, but the collapse of man-made structures and other related accidents contributed to casualties occurring in San Francisco, Los Altos, and Santa Cruz. Plot- This is about different earth quakes that happened in San Francisco. ", "Putting Down Roots in Earthquake Country", "Buildings Demolished in Downtown Santa Cruz as a Result of the Loma Prieta Earthquake, 1989". Two billion dollars worth of destroyed property. [37] The Ford's department store in Watsonville experienced significant damage, including a crack down the front of the building. The epicenter was located near Loma Prieta peak in the Santa Cruz Mountains, approximately 14 km (9 mi) northeast of Santa Cruz and 96 km (60 mi) south-southeast of San Francisco. Another 63 damaged structures were judged too dangerous to live in. 300 injuries. [19] The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) turned people who were homeless prior to the earthquake away from homeless shelters and provided shelter for those with homes prior to the earthquake. [45] (All four network-affiliated TV stations (KRON, KGO, KTVU and CBS affiliate KPIX) would recover enough to broadcast continuous breaking news coverage of the aftermath of the quake for the next several hours, some of it picked up and broadcast nationally over their respective networks, as well as on CNN, in a manner anticipating later major catastrophes such as the 1994 Los Angeles earthquake and the 9/11 terror attacks. [57] Police dogs were brought in to help locate other victims. [13], In early 1988, the Working Group for California Earthquake Probabilities (WGCEP) made several statements regarding their forecasts for the 225 mi (360 km) northern San Andreas Fault segment, the 56 mi (90 km) San Francisco Peninsula segment, and a 18.8–22 mi (30–35 km) portion of that segment which was referred to as the southern Santa Cruz Mountains segment. Between 1910 and 1989 there were 20 widely varying forecasts that were announced, with some that were highly specific, covering multiple aspects of an event, while others were less complete and vague. The 1989 event's oblique-slip rupture was at 10 km and below on a fault plane that dipped 70° to the southwest. [22][23] Three people were killed in the collapse of buildings along the Pacific Garden Mall in Santa Cruz,[24] and five people were killed in the collapse of a brick wall on Bluxome Street in San Francisco. [63], Damage to the Salinas River rail bridge and subsequent repairs led to reduced traffic on the Monterey Branch Line, which contributed to the discontinuance of freight rail services in western Monterey County. Typical California earthquake focal depths are 4 to 6 miles. San Francisco’s Marina district was particularly hard hit because it had been built on filled land (comprising loose, sandy soil), and the unreinforced masonry buildings in Santa Cruz (many of which were 50 to 100 years old) failed completely. [56], Immediately, a number of civilians began to free victims from the rubble of Ford's Department Store and the Santa Cruz Coffee Roasting Company – both buildings had collapsed inward on customers and employees alike. Injured and there were 67 reported fatalities to revise the article a field near as. Transportation system was estimated at $ 30 million ( equivalent to $ 65 million )! A political issue in the vehicle he 'd stolen each one did not occur the! 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